Relativity
Culmination Points
Complexity and Reductionism

 

Has the World Grown Smaller?

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Text length: 1,804 words

Jules Verne: Around the World in Eighty Days , New York: Bantam Books 1998. p. 10-12, p. 15, p. 158-160, p. 161-163

Bolko von Oetinger: Ist die Erde geschrumpft?, The Boston Consulting Group 2004 , Translated excerpts from Ist die Erde geschrumpft?, used by permission of the author, 06 May 2005

  • Spatial thinking can be highly relevant for business, since discovering new spaces outside explored markets and products can yield sustainable competitive advantage.
  • Mental space—in the form of cognitive maps—often limits our perception of the world. Pushing the boundaries of their own cognitive maps can allow managers to identify new opportunities for growth.
  • New spaces are not synonymous with "markets." For example, music exchange through the Internet occupied an (illegal) space long before it became a business market.
  • Keywords:
    Space; Cognitive maps; Globalization; Strategy; Growth; Competitive advantage; Expansion; Boundaries


    A scene in London's Reform Club

    There were Mr. Fogg's usual partners at whist: Andrew Stuart, an engineer; John Sullivan and Samuel Fallentin, bankers; Thomas Flanagan, a brewer; and Gauthier Ralph, one of the Directors of the Bank of England—all rich and highly respectable personages, even in a club which comprises the princes of English trade and finance.

    The gentlemen were discussing the chances of a thief who had robbed the Bank of England to escape via Liverpool, Glasgow, Havre, Suez, Brindisi, New York, and other ports.

    "I maintain," said Stuart, "that the chances are in favor of the thief, who must be a shrewd fellow."

    "Well, but where can he fly to?" asked Ralph. "No country is safe for him."

    "Pshaw!"

    "Where could he go, then?"

    "Oh, I don't know that. The world is big enough."

    "It was once," said Phileas Fogg, in a low tone.

    "What do you mean by 'once'? Has the world grown smaller?"

    "Certainly," returned Ralph. "I agree with Mr. Fogg. The world has grown smaller, since a man can now go round it ten times more quickly than a hundred years ago. And that is why the search for this thief can get away more easily."

    "And also why the thief can get away more easily."

    But the incredulous Stuart was not convinced, and said eagerly: "You have a strange way, Ralph, of proving that the world has grown smaller. So, because you can go round it in three months—"

    "In eighty days," interrupted Phileas Fogg.

    "That is true, gentlemen," added John Sullivan. "Only eighty days, now that the section between Rothal and Allahabad, on the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, has been opened. Here is the estimate made by the Daily Telegraph:

    From London to Suez via Mont Cenis and Brindisi, by rail and steamboats: 7 days

    From Suez to Bombay, by steamer: 13 days

    From Bombay to Calcutta, by rail: 3 days

    From Calcutta to Hong Kong, by steamer: 13 days

    From Hong Kong to Yokohama (Japan), by steamer: 6 days

    From Yokohama to San Francisco, by steamer: 22 days

    From San Francisco to New York, by rail: 7 days

    From New York to London, by steamer and rail: 9 days

    Total: 80 days


    "Yes, in eighty days!" exclaimed Stuart. "But that doesn't take into account bad weather, contrary winds, shipwrecks, railway accidents, and so on."

    "All included," returned Phileas Fogg.

    "But suppose the Hindoos or Indians pull up the rails," replied Stuart, "suppose they stop the trains, pillage the luggage-vans, and scalp the passengers!"

    "All included," calmly retorted Fogg.

    Stuart went on: "You are right theoretically, Mr. Fogg, but practically—"

    "Practically also, Mr. Stuart."

    "I'd like to see you do it in eighty days."

    "It depends on you. Shall we go?"

    "Heaven preserve me! But I would wager four thousand pounds that such a journey, made under these conditions, is impossible."

    "Quite possible, on the contrary," returned Mr. Fogg.

    "Well, make it then!"

    "The journey round the world in eighty days?"

    "Yes."

    "I should like nothing better."

    "When?"

    "At once. Only I warn you that I shall do it at your expense."

    "It's absurd!" cried Stuart, who was beginning to be annoyed at the persistency of his friend.

    "Well, Mr. Fogg," said Stuart, "it shall be so: I will wager the four thousand on it."

    "Calm yourself, my dear Stuart," said Fallentin. "It's only a joke."

    "When I say I'll wager," returned Stuart, "I mean it."

    "All right," said Mr. Fogg; and, turning to the others, he continued, "I have a deposit of twenty thousand at Baring's which I will willingly risk upon it."

    "Twenty thousand pounds!" cried Sullivan. "Twenty thousand pounds, which you would lose at a single accidental delay!"

    "The unforeseen does not exist," quietly replied Phileas Fogg.

    "But, Mr. Fogg, eighty days are only the estimate of the least possible time in which the journey can be made."

    "A well-used minimum suffices for everything."

    "But, in order not to exceed it, you must jump mathematically from the trains upon the steamers upon the trains again."

    "I will jump—mathematically."

    "You are joking."

    "A true Englishman doesn't joke when he is talking about so serious a thing as a wager," replied Phileas Fogg, solemnly. "I will bet twenty thousand pounds against any one who wishes, that I will make the tour of the world in eighty days or less; in nineteen hundred and twenty hours, or a hundred and fifteen thousand two hundred minutes. Do you accept?"

    "We accept," replied Messrs. Stuart, Fallentin, Sullivan, Flanagan, and Ralph, after consulting each other.

    "Good," said Mr. Fogg. "The train leaves for Dover at a quarter before nine. I will take it."

    "This very evening?" asked Stuart.

    "This very evening," returned Phileas Fogg. He took out and consulted a pocket almanac, and added, "As today is Wednesday, the second of October, I shall be due in London, in this very room of the Reform Club, on Saturday, the twenty-first of December, a quarter before nine p.m.; or else the twenty thousand pounds, now deposited in my name at Baring's, will belong to you, in fact and in right, gentlemen. Here is a check for the amount."

    A memorandum of the wager was at once drawn up and signed by the six parties, during which Phileas Fogg preserved a stoical composure. He certainly did not bet to win, and he had only staked the twenty thousand pounds, half of his fortune, because he foresaw that he might have to expend the other half to carry out this difficult, not to say unattainable, project. As for his antagonists, they seemed much agitated; not so much by the value of their stake, as because they had some scruples about betting under conditions so difficult to their friend.

    […]

    Two first-class tickets for Paris having been speedily purchased, Mr. Fogg was crossing the station to the train, when he perceived his five friends of the Reform.

    "Well, gentleman," said he, "I'm off, you see; and if you will examine my passport when I get back, you will be able to judge whether I have accomplished the journey agreed upon."

    "Oh, that would be quite unnecessary, Mr. Fogg," said Ralph politely. "We will trust your word, as a gentlemen of honor."

    "You do not forget when you are due in London again?" asked Stuart.

    "In eighty days; on Saturday, the 21st of December, 1872, at a quarter before nine p.m. Good-bye, gentlemen."

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