Complexity, as measured by the number of requirements companies have to satisfy, is rising steadily. To address each new requirement, companies often set up a dedicated function, create a new process or report, and then build systems to coordinate with existing functions. This leads to an increase in organizational complicatedness, meaning the number of procedures, vertical layers, interface structures, coordination bodies, and decision approvals. All of these internal complicatedness factors have seen a sharp increase over the past decades.
